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Professor of psychology at UCLA, where he studies human memory, attention and cognitive ageing, and author of Better with Age: The Psychology of Successful Aging.

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  Photographing a moment can weaken your memory of it, because the reason you took the picture was not to have to remember.

  Their words

  Now, it can also make your memory worse because you're realizing I want to I'm taking this photo so I don't need to remember it later. And so, you could see it going both ways, but that selection process is important.

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Behavioural economist at Chicago Booth, professor of behavioural science and economics and director of AGI economics at Google DeepMind.

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  Natural selection will strengthen the human preference for other humans rather than erode it, because the people who resist outsourcing their social life are the ones who find mates.

  Their words

  Which of those two people are going to reproduce, find a mate, all of these sorts of things? I think the answer is kind of clear, right? It's the second one that has the preference for other people.

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Geneticist at Harvard; reads ancient DNA to work out how populations moved and mixed, and wrote Who We Are and How We Got Here.

From one piece David Reich – Bronze Age shock, the Neanderthal puzzle, & the sudden spread of farming 5 beliefs, in the piece's order there

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  Natural selection in humans has not been quiescent: it is tugging almost every position in the genome in one direction or another, everywhere.

  Their words

  In fact, multiple analyses we do suggest that the genome is vibrating with natural selection, and uh there's all sorts of weaker effects that are there that would be picked up in larger studies even than we've done. Uh and that uh in fact, almost every position in the DNA is uh correlated to a position that in being dragged in one way or the other uh by natural selection. Instead of being quiescent, natural selection is everywhere.

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  Population size is not what limited human adaptation; time is. A selection coefficient of half a percent works as well in a thousand people as in a million.

  Their words

  So we're talking about strong measurable selection coefficients on the order of half a percent or more in this study and all of those are going to work in small populations or large populations. It's not going to be affected by the population size.

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  The weak selection signal on behavioural traits is a shortage of statistical power, not evidence that behaviour was unselected.

  Their words

  It may still be the case, and I guess it is, that immune traits are the most selected category, but is not at all the case, and in fact, we can prove it's not the case that behavioral traits are not selected.

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  There is more room at the top for every human trait: push selection harder in any direction and the mean would move, at some cost elsewhere.

  Their words

  But I think it's highly likely that if natural selection was pushed pushed any of these traits in more in one direction than it is, the mean would move.

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  Periods of migration are the worst moments to look for natural selection, not the best, because they drown the signal in huge frequency swings.

  Their words

  And really from a statistical point of view, what happens at these times of migration is there's just huge fluctuations in frequencies, and these are extremely uninformative times for looking and detecting natural selection.

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Scientist and writer on quantum computing, memory systems and metascience; co-wrote the standard quantum computation textbook and wrote Reinventing Discovery.

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  Darwin's genius was not having the idea of selection, which animal breeders already had, but seeing how central it was to the whole of biology.

  Their words

  and in some sense Darwin's genius wasn't in having that idea. It was understanding just how central it was uh to to to biology.

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Writer and academic, author of The Cult of Smart and How Elites Ate the Social Justice Movement; writes a daily newsletter on politics, education and culture.

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  Opening school to everybody necessarily made average measured performance look worse, because the students who used to be excluded are now in the data.

  Their words

  But if you know anything about my obsession with selection bias, you can predict the outcome: when you expand access from a population that excludes more students to one that excludes fewer, you’re very likely to see declining performance.

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American social psychologist at NYU Stern School of Business; author of The Happiness Hypothesis, The Righteous Mind and The Anxious Generation.

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  Spirituality is a real part of human nature and central to flourishing, whether or not God exists.

  Their words

  I approach spirituality as a social scientist who believes that whether or not God exists, spirituality is a deep part of human nature, shaped by natural selection and cultural evolution, and central to human flourishing and self-transcendence.

  The Devil's Plan to Ruin the Next Generationafterbabel.com

Author of The 4-Hour Workweek and Tools of Titans, and host of The Tim Ferriss Show podcast.

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  Gold

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  Gold by Rumi and Haleh Liza Gafori. Poetry, 112 pages. A vibrant selection of poems by the great Persian mystic with groundbreaking new translations by Haleh Liza Gafori, an American poet of Persian descent. Read 1–2 poems before bed each night and thank me later.

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  Educational miracles are manufactured by selection: the students who would have scored badly are quietly moved off the books.

  Their words

  That’s how educational miracles are manufactured: through artificially creating selection bias, which is the most powerful force in education.

  There Are No Miracles in Educationfreddiedeboer.substack.com

Writer on learning and skill acquisition; author of Ultralearning and Get Better at Anything, known for the MIT Challenge and the Year Without English.

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  Research earns its keep by telling you which of two plausible pieces of advice is the right one, because everything looks obvious once you know the answer.

  Their words

  The value of research is usually in telling you which of two plausible theories is true, or which advice from different, seemingly sensible approaches works best.

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Palaeontologist at Queen Mary University of London; studies dinosaur behaviour and writes about what the fossil record can and cannot tell us.

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  Being big pays off every day and is punished in extinctions, which is why body size keeps getting reset rather than climbing forever.

  Their words

  You're dominant in contests, particularly with conspecifics. If you're trying to win a territory or win mating rights, bigger things usually beat up smaller things. So there's going to be selection favoring them. But then big things don't usually do well in extinction events, so that tends to reset the clock by killing off the big stuff, and then smaller stuff does better again.

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Demographer; writes on fertility, marriage and population, and directs the Pro-Family Initiative at the Institute for Family Studies.

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  Evolution gave humans no target number of births, because what mattered historically was keeping children alive rather than producing them.

  Their words

  As a result, natural selection is very unlikely to have produced in humans any predisposition or preference for a certain number of births.

  There Is No Long Decline in Fertilitylymanstone.substack.com

Economics professor at George Mason University and author of The Myth of the Rational Voter, Selfish Reasons to Have More Kids, The Case Against Education and Open Borders. Writes Bet On It.

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  Bad admissions tests survive on herding: no programme wants to be the one asking for a different exam, even a far better one.

  Their words

  So a lot of the problem is mere herding: If every other top engineering program is using the GRE, it’s too weird to require a different test even if the alternative test is a far superior selection mechanism.

  What's Really Wrong With Standardized Testsbetonit.ai

Astrobiologist and theoretical physicist at Arizona State University, working on assembly theory and the physics of life.

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  Free will comes from being a deterministic structure in a random universe, carrying enough past selection to select on possible futures.

  Their words

  It’s the fact that you’re a deterministic structure living in a random background. And also, all of that selection bundled in you allows you to select on possible futures. So that’s where your will comes from.

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