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François Chollet

Creator of the Keras deep-learning library and the ARC-AGI benchmark.

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What they believe

The bold line is korrents’ wording; the quote is theirs. These one: what they wrote before what they said aloud, one per source, newest first.

All 51 beliefs and 2 changes of mind, on korrents

Everything, newest first — across every channel.

Sources

15 October

François Cholletx.com
  • ARC-AGIGoogle

  • gakku.ai

    writingeducation

14 October

François CholletKorrents

From one piece @fchollet on X 2 beliefs · x.com

+ 1 more

13 October

François Cholletx.com
François CholletKorrents

From one piece @fchollet on X 2 beliefs · x.com

11 October

François Cholletx.com
  • LLMsscaling laws

10 October

9 October

François Cholletx.com
  • busabase.com

    AI agents

  • ARC-AGI

8 October

François CholletKorrents

From one piece @fchollet on X 2 beliefs · x.com

4 October

François CholletKorrents

From one piece @fchollet on X 2 beliefs · x.com

3 October

François CholletKorrents

3 September

François CholletRecommends
  • Lovedrcmnd.app

    GPT-6 Astra

    Their words

    GPT-6 Astra represents a step-function change in model capability for interactive reasoning problems. It scores 66% on ARC-AGI-3 using our standard harness, and nearly 100% with a continuous conversation harness and custom compaction, at a cost of roughly $360 per game.

    x.com

24 August

François CholletRecommends
  • Recommendstheir ownrcmnd.app

    Deep Learning with Python

    Their words

    If you're 17 (or any age) and you want to learn to build LLMs from scratch, read chapters 15-16 of Deep Learning with Python

    x.com

7 August

François CholletChanged their mind
  • measuring intelligenceLLMsscaling laws

    On changing their mind

    In the era of base LLM scaling (2022-2024), I believed the LLM line of research would reach a capability plateau (as later seen with base LLMs). In late 2024, after the o3 test-time compute demo, I changed my views: the new models were showing genuine fluid intelligence, and with this new line of work, the LLM line of research could achieve unbounded capability scaling. "There will be no wall."

18 September 2025

26 May 2025

4 April 2025

20 December 2024

François CholletChanged their mind

12 February 2024

1 November 2023

24 April 2021

1 October 2020

2 February 2018

The whole feed →

Beliefs

  • Korrents What they believe 51 beliefs, 2 changed minds — each backed by an exact quote.

    Each is a — compiled by korrents.com, not by them: the one-line wordings are korrents', the quotes are theirs.

    Recent

    • Breakthroughs belong to the few who are obsessed with the process, not just the idea of the outcome
      The breakthroughs belong to the few who are obsessed with the process, not just the idea of the outcome

      @fchollet on X Said 15 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • The ideal outcome for science is to have millions of AI-aided human scientists who follow their curiosity and become more ambitious, rather than a few labs using proprietary models to solve trophy problems.
      The ideal outcome for science isn't a couple of labs using proprietary models and millions of dollars to crack trophy problems, it's to have millions of AI-aided human scientists who follow their curiosity and become way more ambitious

      @fchollet on X Said 14 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      curiosity

    • Real-world physical tasks cannot be solved through autoregressive sampling alone.
      You can't solve real-world physical tasks through autoregressive sampling alone.

      @fchollet on X Said 14 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    Show 48 more
    • Actual autonomous robotics requires engineering causality and discrete reasoning back into the loop.
      If we want actual autonomous robotics we have to engineer causality and discrete reasoning back into the loop.

      @fchollet on X Said 14 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      robotics

    • Intelligence is practically never the bottleneck to solving impactful problems.
      For this reason, intelligence is practically never the bottleneck to solving impactful problems.

      @fchollet on X Said 14 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • If an agent saves an engineer 2 hours to implement a feature but collectively costs the team 3 hours in alignment and review, the ROI is negative.
      If an agent saves an engineer 2 hours to implement a feature but collectively costs the team 3 hours in alignment and review, the ROI is negative.

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      AI alignment

    • Isolated chats are suboptimal in team environments because they lack the context of what the team already discussed and decided.
      Isolated chats are suboptimal in team environments because they lack the context of what the team already discussed and decided.

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • The shift from a transductive paradigm to an inductive paradigm is the big story of 2025 and 2026.
      How AI shifted from a transductive paradigm (token-by-token answer completion) to an inductive paradigm (on-the-fly reasoning chain synthesis), in one chart. This is the big story of 2025 and 2026.

      @fchollet on X Said 10 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Science as a system requires exponential resources to produce linear impact.
      This is why science as a system requires exponential resources (input) to produce linear impact (output).

      @fchollet on X Said 9 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Super-exponential injection of external resources is not sustainable in the long-term.
      But super-exponential injection of *external* resources is not sustainable in the long-term.

      @fchollet on X Said 8 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • To achieve sustained exponential progress, the AI industry will need to achieve matching exponential profits.
      To achieve sustained exponential progress, the AI industry will need to achieve matching exponential profits -- it will need to close the resource loop.

      @fchollet on X Said 8 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Humanity has not yet created a conscious computer program
      Humanity has not yet created a conscious computer program, and there are no signs we are close to doing so.

      @fchollet on X Said 4 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Creating artificial consciousness should not be a goal of AI research
      creating artificial consciousness should *not* be a goal of AI research. Understanding consciousness, sure, synthesizing it, no.

      @fchollet on X Said 4 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      consciousness

    • Machines are not conscious
      Likewise a static input-output program that has *none* of the properties we associate with conscious beings (e.g. information integration, interoception, temporal binding, embodiment, etc.) has no more reason to be presumed conscious than a rock has to be presumed alive.

      @fchollet on X Said 4 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • The belief that current AI models are sentient and can suffer, combined with the foolish idea of quantifying suffering across humans and non-humans, could lead to a dystopian path.
      The notion that current AI models are sentient and can suffer, combined with the foolish idea that suffering can be mathematically quantified and weighted between humans and non-humans, could lead us down an incredibly dark and dystopian path.

      @fchollet on X Said 3 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      AI sentience

    • Competent information processing and sentience are wholly unrelated
      Do not confuse competent information processing and sentience, they are wholly unrelated.

      @fchollet on X Said 3 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      AI sentience

    • The AI industry should focus on creating tools that enhance human prosperity and welfare, not on developing a successor species.
      The purpose of the AI industry should be to produce tools that, in the human hand, will improve human prosperity and welfare. It should not be to create a "successor species" to the human race.

      @fchollet on X Said 28 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • The difficulty of software engineering is probably essentially constant across abstraction levels, because human cognition adapts to new tools.
      I think the "difficulty" of software engineering is essentially constant no matter what abstraction level you move to, because human cognition adapts to new tools until it can fully utilize itself.

      @fchollet on X Said 25 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • At some point in evolutionary history, matter learned to feel.
      At some point in evolutionary history, matter learned to feel.

      @fchollet on X Said 24 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Those who relied on code as their source of truth for managing understanding now need a new source-of-truth artifact.
      If code was previously your source of truth for managing understanding, then you need a new source of truth artifact.

      @fchollet on X Said 21 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • People who built their understanding through code-centric workflows need new workflows to do so.
      If code-centric workflows were how you developed that understanding, then you need new workflows.

      @fchollet on X Said 21 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • People almost always align their beliefs with their interests.
      People will almost always align their beliefs and their interests.

      @fchollet on X Said 14 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Sincerity and self-interest usually go together by default.
      You can be sincere *and* self-interested, and that's usually the default.

      @fchollet on X Said 14 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Extreme power concentration is one of the most worrying risks linked to frontier AI.
      One of the most worrying risks linked to frontier AI is extreme power concentration.

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • The only way to avoid extreme power concentration is multiple independent providers of frontier AI models, including open-source options.
      The only way to avoid extreme power concentration is to ensure we have multiple independent providers of frontier AI models, including open-source options.

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • In the near term, more capable models should mean safer models.
      In the near term (definitely not in the long term), more capable models should mean safer models (maybe paradoxically).

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Current models are unsafe because they are not smart enough, not because they are too smart.
      Current models are unsafe not because they're too smart, but because they take goals too literally or take nonsensical shortcuts to achieve these goals, i.e. they're RL-fried. They lack common sense. They don't do the right thing in the face of ambiguity. Basically, they're not smart enough.

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      reinforcement learning

    • If AI has a high chance of causing human extinction within years or decades, the only rational stance on safety monitoring and research pacing is stringent top-down government involvement and universally ratified international treaties.
      If there really is a high chance of AI leading to the extinction of humanity within years/decades, then the only rational stance towards safety monitoring and research pacing should be stringent, top-down government involvement and universally ratified international treaties.

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      AI alignmentgovernment

    • It is not rational to say something is likely to end humanity in one's lifetime while planning to completely wing it.
      But you cannot say "yes this is likely to end humanity in your lifetime, and we're going to completely wing it." That is simply not rational.

      @fchollet on X Said 13 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • The case for building AGI has always been framed around invention, such as curing cancer or solving fusion energy.
      The narrative around why building AGI was a good idea has always been about invention -- "it will cure cancer", "it will solve fusion energy", etc.

      @fchollet on X Said 7 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      AGIenergy

    • AGI should not be declared until AI is capable of invention, including conceptual breakthroughs, novel insights, and new real-world technology.
      So I would not "declare AGI" until we have AI that is, at last, capable of invention -- conceptual breakthroughs, novel insights, new real-world technology, etc.

      @fchollet on X Said 7 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      AGI

    • Test-time scaling seems to have gained a third axis: latent space reasoning iterations in looped transformers.
      Seems like test time scaling has gained a 3rd axis: latent space reasoning iterations in looped transformers.

      @fchollet on X Said 5 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Capabilities provided by harnesses around AI models are increasingly shifting into the model itself.
      so harness capabilities are increasingly shifting into the model itself.

      @fchollet on X Said 3 Sept 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • In verifiable domains model capability scaling should remain unbounded, because the space of enumerable patterns is infinite by construction.
      In verifiable domains, model capability scaling should remain unbounded. Models will simply keep improving by "absorbing more and more of the computational universe", which is infinite by construction.

      @fchollet on X Said 27 Aug 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • A growing fraction of social media is AI slop influencers being replied to by bots — an echo of an echo of an echo.
      An increasing fraction of social media consists of slop influencers using AI to make posts and bots replying to them. An echo of an echo of an echo

      @fchollet on X Said 23 Aug 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      AI slopsocial media

    • Calling today's economic effects "the Singularity" waters the term down past recognition; Vinge meant an event horizon beyond which nothing is imaginable.
      Incredible watering down -- the Singularity is now redefined to mean "the rate of new firm creation has increased somewhat" Vernor Vinge described the Singularity as an event horizon past which everything (e.g. what happens tomorrow) becomes entirely unimaginable and unpredictable to human understanding

      @fchollet on X Said 19 Aug 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Coding is not just another application domain for AI; it is the meta-skill that lets AI generate its own training material and start the recursive self-improvement loop.
      Coding isn't yet another application domain -- it's the meta-skill required for AI to automatically develop its own training material, via symbolic world models. That's how the RSI loop actually kicks off.

      @fchollet on X Said 10 Aug 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      recursive self-improvementworld models

    • Future AI, say in fifteen years, will not be built on the LLM stack; it will have to move to symbolic learning.
      However, looking ahead, I still do not believe that future AI (say, in 15 years) will be based on the LLM stack. I believe it will necessarily have to move closer to its optimal, final form -- symbolic learning. Obviously this is a risky and contrarian belief -- the safe bet would be LRMs. But let's see.

      @fchollet on X Said 7 Aug 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      LLMs

    • Current AI techniques are four to six orders of magnitude away from optimal in data efficiency and test-time compute efficiency.
      I believe current techniques are 4-6 orders of magnitude away from optimality in terms of data efficiency and test-time compute efficiency. But far future AI will be near-optimal.

      @fchollet on X Said 7 Aug 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      scaling laws

    • Human adaptability is fundamentally linked to the efficient construction and refinement of internal world models
      We argue that this profound adaptability is fundamentally linked to the efficient construction and refinement of internal representations of the environment, commonly referred to as world models, and we refer to this adaptation mechanism as world model induction.

      Assessing Adaptive World Models in Machines with Novel Games (with 13 co-authors) Said 17 Jul 2025

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      world models

    • Current AI evaluation of world models is too narrow, favoring static representations learned from massive datasets over efficient learning through interaction
      However, current understanding and evaluation of world models in artificial intelligence (AI) remains narrow, often focusing on static representations learned from training on massive corpora of data, instead of the efficiency and efficacy in learning these representations through interaction and exploration within a novel environment.

      Assessing Adaptive World Models in Machines with Novel Games (with 13 co-authors) Said 17 Jul 2025

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      world models

    • Rapid world model induction will be critical for achieving robust, general AI that functions in complex, fast-changing real and human worlds
      We expect that building and evaluating AI systems capable of this kind of rapid world model induction will be critical for achieving robust, general AI capable of functioning effectively in the complex and fast-changing real world, and especially in human worlds - the environments that human beings have evolved in, created, and are continually changing and re-creating.

      Assessing Adaptive World Models in Machines with Novel Games (with 13 co-authors) Said 17 Jul 2025

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      world models

    • An adaptive agent's world model cannot be a static representation learned once and fixed
      For adaptation to complex and changing environments, an agent's world models cannot be static representations learned once and fixed.

      Assessing Adaptive World Models in Machines with Novel Games (with 13 co-authors) Said 17 Jul 2025

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      world models

    • Games are particularly rich and controlled environments uniquely well-suited for evaluating rapid world model induction in AI
      We contend that games provide particularly rich and controlled environments uniquely well-suited for systematically evaluating rapid model adaptation and the process of world model induction.

      Assessing Adaptive World Models in Machines with Novel Games (with 13 co-authors) Said 17 Jul 2025

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      world models

    • Scaling the 2019-2023 recipe — same architecture, bigger model, more data — is not enough; further progress depends on new architectural ideas.
      o3's improvement over the GPT series proves that architecture is everything. You couldn't throw more compute at GPT-4 and get these results. Simply scaling up the things we were doing from 2019 to 2023 -- take the same architecture, train a bigger version on more data -- is not enough.

      OpenAI o3 Breakthrough High Score on ARC-AGI-Pub Said 20 Dec 2024

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      OpenAI

    • Passing ARC-AGI does not amount to achieving AGI: o3 still fails on some very easy tasks, indicating fundamental differences from human intelligence.
      Passing ARC-AGI does not equate to achieving AGI, and, as a matter of fact, I don't think o3 is AGI yet. o3 still fails on some very easy tasks, indicating fundamental differences with human intelligence.

      OpenAI o3 Breakthrough High Score on ARC-AGI-Pub Said 20 Dec 2024

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      ARC-AGI

    • Progress toward more intelligent artificial systems requires defining and evaluating intelligence so systems can be compared with each other and with humans.
      To make deliberate progress towards more intelligent and more human-like artificial systems, we need to be following an appropriate feedback signal: we need to be able to define and evaluate intelligence in a way that enables comparisons between two systems, as well as comparisons with humans.

      On the Measure of Intelligence Said 5 Nov 2019

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Solely measuring skill at any given task falls short of measuring intelligence, because skill is heavily modulated by prior knowledge and experience.
      We argue that solely measuring skill at any given task falls short of measuring intelligence, because skill is heavily modulated by prior knowledge and experience: unlimited priors or unlimited training data allow experimenters to "buy" arbitrary levels of skills for a system, in a way that masks the system's own generalization power.

      On the Measure of Intelligence Said 5 Nov 2019

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      measuring intelligence

    • The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus can measure human-like general fluid intelligence and enable fair comparisons between AI systems and humans.
      We argue that ARC can be used to measure a human-like form of general fluid intelligence and that it enables fair general intelligence comparisons between AI systems and humans.

      On the Measure of Intelligence Said 5 Nov 2019

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      ARC-AGImeasuring intelligence

    • Both the special-purpose-programs view and the blank-slate view of human intelligence are likely incorrect.
      Today, it is increasingly apparent that both of these views of the nature of human intelligence - either a collection of special-purpose programs or a general-purpose Tabula Rasa - are likely incorrect

      On the Measure of Intelligence Said 5 Nov 2019

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • If intelligence is the process of acquiring skills, no single task demonstrates intelligence unless it is a meta-task of skill-acquisition across many tasks.
      If intelligence lies in the process of acquiring skills, then there is no task X such that skill at X demonstrates intelligence, unless X is actually a meta-task involving skill-acquisition across a broad range of tasks.

      On the Measure of Intelligence Said 5 Nov 2019

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      measuring intelligence

    Beliefs others hold too

    • Machines are not conscious 4 hold this
      Likewise a static input-output program that has *none* of the properties we associate with conscious beings (e.g. information integration, interoception, temporal binding, embodiment, etc.) has no more reason to be presumed conscious than a rock has to be presumed alive.

      @fchollet on X Said 4 Oct 2026

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

    • Scaling the 2019-2023 recipe — same architecture, bigger model, more data — is not enough; further progress depends on new architectural ideas. 2 hold this
      o3's improvement over the GPT series proves that architecture is everything. You couldn't throw more compute at GPT-4 and get these results. Simply scaling up the things we were doing from 2019 to 2023 -- take the same architecture, train a bigger version on more data -- is not enough.

      OpenAI o3 Breakthrough High Score on ARC-AGI-Pub Said 20 Dec 2024

      Full record — everyone who holds this →

      OpenAI

    All 51 beliefs and 2 changes of mind →

What is a korrent?

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Recommends rcmnd

  • rcmnd What they recommend 2 things — each backed by an exact quote.

    Compiled by rcmnd.app, not by them: the quotes are theirs, and each links to the post it was copied from.

    Recent

    • Loved GPT-6 Astra
      GPT-6 Astra represents a step-function change in model capability for interactive reasoning problems. It scores 66% on ARC-AGI-3 using our standard harness, and nearly 100% with a continuous conversation harness and custom compaction, at a cost of roughly $360 per game.

      x.com 3 Sept 2026

      What others say about GPT-6 Astra →

    • Recommends Deep Learning with Python
      If you're 17 (or any age) and you want to learn to build LLMs from scratch, read chapters 15-16 of Deep Learning with Python

      x.com 24 Aug 2026

      their own

      What others say about Deep Learning with Python →

    All 2 recommendations →

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