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Mario Zechner
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look at me. i'm a token seller now. (please give us money, i need it for more icecream)
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20 September
Working on @ampcode. Writing registerspill.thorstenball.com. Once authored interpreterbook.com and compilerbook.com.
This blew up beyond anything I expected. The responses are surprising too: 40% says that, duh, this is already the reality at my job. Yes, at mine too. Another 40% agrees with some adjustments and different timelines. Then 20% disagree. Of those that disagree, some, of course, call me an idiot and that I only build CRUD apps and so on. Not surprising, it's the Internet after all. But there are two other categories of criticism that I find fascinating. One is that people say I work on AI and that is why I would predict AI to take over. The shovel seller says you should dig, is the criticism. I… Quoting @thorstenball Most predictions I see are still way too conservative. Here's mine Related
19 September
CEO of Vercel; creator of Next.js and Socket.IO. Writes at rauchg.com.
Looks like today may be a record day for token volume % of open models on Vercel AI Gateway: 🟦 Open 78.4% 🟨 Closed 21.6% While spend 💲 usually tells a different story, #3 and #4 today are Moonshot AI & DeepSeek. Adding Z.ai, their combined spend surpasses OpenAI (#2). (Do note that's the spend for inference of the model across providers (mostly in the US), not revenue going directly to the open weight labs.) OpenAI Related
18 September
Creator of Ruby on Rails, CTO of 37signals, and creator of Omarchy.
Great to welcome @OrcaRouter as a Distinguished Patron with a $150,000 donation to the Strategic Token Reserves for Omarchy! We're going to put their new OrcaCyber Zero 1.0 model to great use with our security and kernel work 🤘 omarchy.org
Omarchy Related
15 September
Writes The Pragmatic Engineer, the software-engineering newsletter, and wrote The Software Engineer's Guidebook. Formerly an engineering manager at Uber, and at Microsoft/Skype and Skyscanner before that.
Co-founder of Y Combinator and Viaweb; essayist at paulgraham.com.
Their words
Although you pay for AI by the token, that's not the unit of inference, because you get more problem solving per token as models improve.
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@paulg on X x.com
14 September
Co-founder of Modem and a founding engineer at Sentry, where he went on to be VP of Engineering. Co-author of Third-party JavaScript, and co-host of the State of Agentic Coding podcast with Armin Ronacher.
The industry accepts there are 10x engineers But it hasn’t yet accepted there are 10x engineering *prompters* IMO it’s a real thing - and I’m not talking software factory token maxxers Related
13 September
Moroccan senior frontend developer writing at smakosh.com; builds side projects and client work under Smakosh LLC.
Token breakdown improved on the analytics page on @llmgateway Related
11 September
Former L8 engineer at Meta, Microsoft and Atlassian, now writing and building solo on agentic engineering. Writes Kun's Field Notes and posts a lot about AI coding agents on X.
ok everyone, i took one for the team here's the data we all wanted to see - real token value of each LLM subscription, empirically measured through usage on my real subscriptions - supergrok heavy has now become the highest value at $12k worth of tokens (40x ROI) - the $200 plan from openai and anthropic roughly give the same amount of token value, $7k give or take - cursor ultra's ROI is the lowest among mainstream subscriptions, roughly half of OAI or Ant. for individual consumers i'm afraid this no longer makes sense to purchase this was done in a clean environment. i ran each provider acr… LLMs Anthropic Related
10 September
Latvian full-stack WordPress developer and course creator at WPElevator; blogs since 2007 about the open web, electronics, home automation and sustainable living.
Today I learned that @OpenAIDevs MCP client https://t.co/nhRPF6KVEf lists private_key_jwt for the token endpoint auth while the CIMD endpoint is actually public (auth=none). So your MCP OAuth must be able to skip private_key_jwt, if unsupported. MCP Related
6 September
Co-creator of Django and creator of Datasette; writes daily at simonwillison.net.
4 September
Sequoia Professor of Computer Science at Stanford, co-director of the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI, and co-founder and CEO of World Labs.
Their words
we do believe very strongly that next viewpoint prediction is is the equivalent of next token prediction.
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youtube.com
3 September
Venture capitalist and founder of Theory Ventures, previously a partner at Redpoint. Writes a near-daily blog on startups, SaaS metrics, data and AI.
How large is Snowflake's AI revenue? Management lowered product gross margin guidance from 76% → 74% due to "fast-growing AI workloads." If GPU inference runs at ~25%–35% gross margins, that 200 bps compression implies ~$60M–$75M/quarter (~$240M–$300M ARR) in direct AI token consumption. Related
Engineer at Vercel Labs as of 2026. Ships a steady stream of small developer tools — agent-browser, portless, json-render, native-sdk, the v0 SDK — and lists every one of them at ctate.dev.
One more for the night: emulate v0.11 – Shared Next.js/Nuxt adapter runtime with persistent GitHub App key state – Linear issues now expose priorityLabel – GitHub token inspection adds perms, repo access, expiry and status github.com
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Co-founder of Y Combinator and Viaweb; essayist at paulgraham.com.
startups
Their words
Everyone always asks me like with all this AI is anything still the same? And the answer is so far almost everything is exactly the same. The only weird The only weird new thing is that companies have these giant AI bills.
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youtube.com
1 September
Systems and developer-tools engineer at Cloudflare as of 2026, on durable infrastructure for AI agents; worked on React and PartyKit before that. Writes at sunilpai.dev.
Their words
you should watch the podcast named after making stuff up all the time : @NextTokenShow
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x.com
31 August
Chilean web engineer building web experiences since 2006; co-founder of Media Creators and writes at iolivares.com.
La suscripción de 5x viene rindiendo, pero no estoy seguro si con el cambio del -17.5% de sesión vaya a estar bien. Pensando en probar Codex, veo a todos disfrutando de esa fiesta. Estamos en un mundo donde estar Token Maxing con una suscripción dejó de ser suficiente, ahora necesito 3 (Claude, Cursor y al parecer también Codex). 💸 English, from Spanish The 5x subscription is paying off, but I'm not sure if with the change of the -17.5% session it will be okay. Thinking about trying Codex, I see everyone enjoying that party. We're in a world where Token Maxing with one subscription is no longer enough, now I need 3 (Claude, Cursor, and apparently Codex too). 💸
Anthropic Related
Dutch bootstrapper who builds and runs their internet startups alone — Nomads.com, Remote OK, Hoodmaps, Photo AI and Interior AI — and has written about it at levels.io since 2013. Posts as @levelsio.
Their words
My favorite part of @Cloudflare is how easy it is to use them for your clanker They always had a great API and all you have to do is add an API token and you can do almost everything you'd do by hand
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x.com
29 August
Co-founder and CEO of Stripe and co-founder of the Arc Institute. Keeps a personal site of reading lists, open questions and notes on scientific progress and how research is funded.
Between wallets for agents with @link (and @privy), MPP, Tempo, MCP, Stripe CLI, Agentic Commerce Suite, sandboxes, OpenRouter, Metronome/metered billing, Radar and distillation/token fraud, it turns out that "the economic infrastructure for AI" implicates a lot. Pretty much every layer of the Stripe stack is changing, and it’s a very good time to join if you want to build high-scale software that facilitates the practical deployment of this new intelligence. MCP Related
26 August
Venture capitalist and founder of Theory Ventures, previously a partner at Redpoint. Writes a near-daily blog on startups, SaaS metrics, data and AI.
Does the token supply chain also experience the bullwhip effect? Here's my explanation of this classic phenomenon and what it means for AI data centers. data centers Related
Creator of Ruby on Rails, CTO of 37signals, and creator of Omarchy.
Their words
That was premised on humans doing the modifications. I think it is an open question to which degree this still matters. Now, it does matter, and the reason I say that, at least for the moment, is that tokens are still scarce. At this moment in time, we are all token limited.
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youtube.com
22 August
AI research engineer working on large language models. He writes the Ahead of AI newsletter and is the author of Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch).
16 August
Indonesian software engineer, educator and engineering manager at Zero One Group; open-source enthusiast writing at ripandis.com.
15 August
AI research engineer working on large language models. He writes the Ahead of AI newsletter and is the author of Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch).
A short illustration of how the Claude's watermarking is supposed to work (based on my read of their released materials). In general, when we are generating tokens, there can be multiple high-scoring tokens at certain next-word positions. Usually, we sample with top-k or top-p sampling so the highest-scoring token is most often selected (if we repeat the sampling many times), but other tokens may be selected as well. With watermarking, there is a key that says which of the (ideally equally) highest-scoring tokens to select. Or, more concretely, the secret key and previous token influence the… Quoting @AnthropicAI We’ve written an FAQ to answer some of the questions we've received about watermarking. In summary: • We’re implementing watermarking to comply with the EU AI Act. Other major model developers have signed the same Code of Practice and will also be implementing watermarking; • Our watermarking metho… Anthropic Related
14 August
Graphic designer and type designer, who created the original Macintosh icons and typefaces at Apple from 1982 and has since designed interface graphics for NeXT, Microsoft, Facebook and Pinterest.
Their words
But what I learned was that cute trumped everything. It just um teddy bears, anything heart-shaped, the kiss mark was the best seller of all time.
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youtube.com
11 August
Security researcher; built Report URI and Security Headers, and writes about web security in practice.
Chief scientist at Redwood Research, where he works on technical AI safety and AI control.
Their words
I think one reason why um the the AIs have been scaled up less than you would have otherwise expected and like for example cost of of per token hasn't increased as much as you might have thought is because there's a benefit to doing more of your um work at small scale where you can run more training runs and get more cycles in
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youtube.com
10 August
Programmer and writer on computer architecture, performance, and software reliability. He has worked on CPU design at Centaur Technology and on software at Google and Microsoft, and writes long-form technical essays at danluu.com.
How do programming languages impact token efficiency and correctness? danluu.com
Related
Founded PSPDFKit in 2011 and ran it for a decade. Came back from a break to work on AI agents — the OpenClaw project, and OpenAI, joined in February 2026. Writes at steipete.me.
7 August
Canadian full-stack web developer who makes JavaScript and CSS video courses and co-hosts the Syntax podcast.
I bought $100 of Claude API credits for $8 on the Chinese black market It's an insane, well run industry — some losing $10 million per month to theft Join me as I go deep on the AI token underworld youtube.com
Anthropic China Related
6 August
Full-stack developer, creator of Tailwind CSS; writes at adamwathan.me and makes courses and screencasts for web developers.
Feels like we’re about 6 months away from a token is a token is a token. Just gas at the gas station. Related
5 August
Climate scientist and energy systems analyst; writes The Climate Brink with Andrew Dessler and leads climate research at Stripe.
2 August
Founding member of OpenAI and former director of AI at Tesla; creator of nanoGPT and the term "vibe coding".
We're starting to leave the territory where you'd test an LLM by e.g. "create an svg of pelican on a bicycle". As one idea to generalize it, I was interested what Opus 5 would do if I gave it the first paragraph of the Lord of the Rings, a 1M token budget (~$10) and asked for three js render of it. Opus went off for ~2 hours and wrote 5500 lines of code that (procedurally) rendered the story. It's kind of janky but fun. But it's a bit mindboggling that the LLM has to place and orchestrate various polygon assets in (x,y,z) coordinates and write code that animates it all, and that it even does… LLMs Related
30 July
Software design writer and chief scientist at Thoughtworks; wrote Refactoring and Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture.
28 July
Technologist and entrepreneur; former CTO of Threadless and chief technology officer of the 2012 Obama re-election campaign.
"Sorry for the token bonfire, Doctor Biz." Related
Software design writer and chief scientist at Thoughtworks; wrote Refactoring and Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture.
The Orchestrator's Tax Subagents get justified by time saved and parallel execution, but Rahul Garg explains that's not what matters most. Every token in the orchestrator's context is competing for its attention, and the real value of a subag…
Related
20 July
Co-founder of Modem and a founding engineer at Sentry, where he went on to be VP of Engineering. Co-author of Third-party JavaScript, and co-host of the State of Agentic Coding podcast with Armin Ronacher.
15 July
Founder of HumanLayer; wrote 12-Factor Agents, on how to build AI agents that hold up in production.
11 July
Canadian bootstrapper and writer on small software businesses. Co-founder of the podcast hosting company Transistor.fm and author of the book Marketing for Developers.
9 July
Head of Instagram since 2018, previously head of Facebook's News Feed.
Their words
I think that you can imagine at least in an year or two coming that the the burn rate of a strong engineer might be the same as their salary or their cost of employment.
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youtube.com
15 June
Systems and developer-tools engineer at Cloudflare as of 2026, on durable infrastructure for AI agents; worked on React and PartyKit before that. Writes at sunilpai.dev.
9 June
Co-founder of Modem and a founding engineer at Sentry, where he went on to be VP of Engineering. Co-author of Third-party JavaScript, and co-host of the State of Agentic Coding podcast with Armin Ronacher.
🎨 hunk v0.15.0 is out: - supports git --color-moved - transparent backgrounds - color token fixes - more themes - Sapling support (it's a VCS from Meta) also now there's a website → hunk.dev
Related
Technologist and entrepreneur; former CTO of Threadless and chief technology officer of the 2012 Obama re-election campaign.
If you wanted to try out fable but are scared of blowing away your token budget do we have a skill for you! Its called Thrifty. It makes things cheaper. We built thrifty for claude code around a better split: strong model plans → cheap model executes → gate verifies. Anthropic Related
3 June
Engineer and teacher; wrote Kubernetes the Hard Way, was a distinguished engineer at Google Cloud, and retired from full-time work in 2023.
Their words
Now, I post things like, "Hey, I'm adopting the zero token architecture." People like, "What's zero token architecture?" as like instead of burning tokens, you learn things and you think for yourself and just complete tasks.
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youtube.com
14 May
London-based front-end architect, web developer evangelist and cloud consultant; Microsoft MVP. Writes at praveen.science and answers on Stack Overflow.
13 May
Member of technical staff at Anthropic. He has led ML/AI teams at Amazon, Alibaba and Lazada, and writes about LLMs, recommender systems and engineering at eugeneyan.com.
Mythos evals from XBOW and UK AISI: • UK AISI: Mythos completed a 32-step network attack (est. at ~20 hrs for experts) in 6/10 tries. First model to solve their e2e cyber ranges! • XBOW: "token-for-token, unprecedented precision" Read more: https://t.co/hD6G6DvALg, xbow.com
Related
9 May
Programmer and writer on computer architecture, performance, and software reliability. He has worked on CPU design at Centaur Technology and on software at Google and Microsoft, and writes long-form technical essays at danluu.com.
What do people like for token-intensive workflows for personal projects? With a semi-autonomous workflow, I can exhaust a week's quota on the $200/mo codex plan in ~10 minutes of my time. If I'm in the loop, I get ~10x(?) the productivity per token, but it's time inefficient and Related
29 April
Software engineer, Wikipedia editor and crypto critic; writes Citation Needed and runs Web3 is Going Just Great.
25 April
Founder and CEO of the search engine DuckDuckGo, and co-author of the books Traction and Super Thinking.
15 April
Co-founder of NVIDIA and, as of 2026, its chief executive; the company designs the GPUs most large AI models are trained on.
10 April
Co-founder of Modem and a founding engineer at Sentry, where he went on to be VP of Engineering. Co-author of Third-party JavaScript, and co-host of the State of Agentic Coding podcast with Armin Ronacher.
State of Agentic Coding #5 with @mitsuhiko.at is live. In this episode: - death of the IDE premature? - what's with all the bugs - will future models fix yesterday's AI code? - token abuse, slowing down, and more! YT: www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCpY... Spotify: open.spotify.com
Related
2 April
Founding member of OpenAI and former director of AI at Tesla; creator of nanoGPT and the term "vibe coding".
LLM Knowledge Bases Something I'm finding very useful recently: using LLMs to build personal knowledge bases for various topics of research interest. In this way, a large fraction of my recent token throughput is going less into manipulating code, and more into manipulating knowledge (stored as markdown and images). The latest LLMs are quite good at it. So: Data ingest: I index source documents (articles, papers, repos, datasets, images, etc.) into a raw/ directory, then I use an LLM to incrementally "compile" a wiki, which is just a collection of .md files in a directory structure. The wiki… LLMs Related
23 March
Co-founder of NVIDIA and, as of 2026, its chief executive; the company designs the GPUs most large AI models are trained on.
Their words
You know, our computer price is going up, but our token generation effectiveness is going up so much faster that token cost is coming down. It's just coming down an order of magnitude every year.
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youtube.com
20 March
Founding member of OpenAI and former director of AI at Tesla; creator of nanoGPT and the term "vibe coding".
Their words
But now it's not about flops, it's about tokens. So what is your token throughput and what token throughput do you command?
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youtube.com
11 March
Programmer and essayist who has worked at Amazon, Google, Grab and Sourcegraph. Best known for the long-form essays collected as Stevey's Drunken Blog Rants and Stevey's Blog Rants.
13 February
Co-founder and CEO of Anthropic; previously VP of research at OpenAI.
Their words
so so I think we're definitely going to see business models that that recognize that, you know, at some point we're going to see, you know, pay for results or you you know, in some in some form or we may see forms of compensation that are like labor. Um, uh you know, that that kind of work by the hour.
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youtube.com
12 February
Founded PSPDFKit in 2011 and ran it for a decade. Came back from a break to work on AI agents — the OpenClaw project, and OpenAI, joined in February 2026. Writes at steipete.me.
data centers
Their words
But then you actually sit down and do the maths, and then for most people if you just skip one burger per month, that compensates the, the CO2 output, or, like, the water use in equivalent of tokens.
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youtube.com
10 February
Founder of Terraform Industries and formerly a physicist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory; writes about energy, space and manufacturing.
3 January
Independent game developer, creator of the colony simulation RimWorld and author of Designing Games: A Guide to Engineering Experiences. Previously worked on BioShock Infinite.
Why do people say AI "just" predicts the next token as though this is somehow simpler than thinking? If you can predict what someone will say, you must be tracing the same processes they used to generate those words. You must recreate their thought process. You must think. Related
12 November 2025
Chairman and chief executive of Microsoft since 2014; joined the company in 1992 and ran its cloud business before that.
14 October 2025
Founded PSPDFKit in 2011 and ran it for a decade. Came back from a break to work on AI agents — the OpenClaw project, and OpenAI, joined in February 2026. Writes at steipete.me.
Their words
I used some token counting tools like ccusage and it’s all somewhat imprecise, but even if it’s just 5x it’s a damn good deal.
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steipete.me
11 October 2025
Writes on effective altruism, energy and the arithmetic behind arguments people repeat — including how much electricity a chatbot query actually uses.
12 September 2025
Professor at Berkeley working on robot learning; co-founded Physical Intelligence, and argues that robots will learn from data rather than be programmed.
Their words
it's something like this that the brain is extremely parallel. uh it kind of has to be just out of just because of the biohysics. U but like it's even more parallel than your GPU.
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youtube.com
18 August 2025
Co-founder of the AI agent company Sierra, and previously an eighteen-year Google executive who ran product for Workspace, virtual and augmented reality, and Google Labs.
Their words
Seat based. Well, what is a seat? That doesn't make any sense. Consumption where it's like is it per message? Is it per token? Is it per conversation? And none of these things actually mapped very well to getting a job done and getting a job done well.
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youtube.com
17 March 2022
Cryptography engineer; maintains Go's cryptography libraries as a full-time open-source maintainer, funded directly by companies that use them.
4 March 2022
Alignment researcher at Anthropic; co-led OpenAI's superalignment team until 2024, and writes Musings on the Alignment Problem.
AI alignment
Their words
This is because the language modeling objective used for many recent large LMs-predicting the next token on a webpage from the internet-is different from the objective "follow the user's instructions helpfully and safely" (Radford et al.,, 2019; Brown et al.,, 2020; Fedus et al.,, 2021; Rae et al.,, 2021; Thoppilan et al.,, 2022). Thus, we say that the language modeling objective is misaligned.
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arxiv.org
23 January 2022
Founder of the toy manufacturer Viahart; writes about manufacturing, importing and why bringing production back to America is harder than it sounds.
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