Paul Graham
Co-founder of Y Combinator and Viaweb; essayist at paulgraham.com.
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What they believe
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It is close to unheard of for startups to grow 10x a year for three consecutive years.
It's not unusual for startups to grow 10x in a year, but to keep it up for 3 years is close to unheard of.
x.comSaid 14 Oct 2026This on korrents
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At this moment, starting a startup is much the same as always.
At this point, nearly all of it. I can't promise that will be true in 10 years, but at this moment, starting a startup is much the same as always.
x.comSaid 13 Oct 2026This on korrents
The bold line is korrents’ wording; the quote is theirs. These 2: what they wrote before what they said aloud, one per source, newest first.
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16 October
15 October
14 October
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Their words
It's not unusual for startups to grow 10x in a year, but to keep it up for 3 years is close to unheard of.
13 October
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Their words
At this point, nearly all of it. I can't promise that will be true in 10 years, but at this moment, starting a startup is much the same as always.
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Lovedrcmnd.app
Tesla Model 3Their words
The Tesla Model 3 with FSD is mind-blowing.
12 October
10 October
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Recommendsrcmnd.app
Audemars Piguet 14232Their words
This skeletonized Audemars Piguet 14232 is a great way to understand how movements work.
8 October
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korrents.com
People will want agents to buy stuff for them, which will be one of the main use cases.Their words
People will want agents to buy stuff for them. It will be one of the main use cases.
Nothing matches.
Beliefs
Korrents What they believe 126 beliefs — each backed by an exact quote.
Each is a — compiled by korrents.com, not by them: the one-line wordings are korrents', the quotes are theirs.
Recent
It is close to unheard of for startups to grow 10x a year for three consecutive years.
It's not unusual for startups to grow 10x in a year, but to keep it up for 3 years is close to unheard of.
@paulg on X Said 14 Oct 2026
At this moment, starting a startup is much the same as always.
At this point, nearly all of it. I can't promise that will be true in 10 years, but at this moment, starting a startup is much the same as always.
@paulg on X Said 13 Oct 2026
People will want agents to buy stuff for them, which will be one of the main use cases.
People will want agents to buy stuff for them. It will be one of the main use cases.
@paulg on X Said 8 Oct 2026
Show 57 more
The deepest organizational change from AI takes the form of code
Organizations can become somewhat aligned with AI by using AI-powered apps, but the deepest change takes the form of code.
@paulg on X Said 7 Oct 2026
Even the smartest people seem to have to learn taste in problems from experience.
One very important thing that even the smartest people seem to have to learn from experience is taste in problems.
@paulg on X Said 5 Oct 2026
Certain types of problems lead to interesting discoveries while others do not.
There are juicy problems that tend to lead to interesting discoveries, and nasty problems that tend not to.
@paulg on X Said 5 Oct 2026
A company name can have different appeal to corporate buyers versus their customers.
A company name that appeals to corporate buyers may not appeal so much to their customers.
@paulg on X Said 4 Oct 2026
England's choice of about three subjects in the last two years of high school makes gender differences in interests more visible than in the US.
In England, students choose just a few subjects (usually 3) to study in the last 2 years of high school, so gender differences in their interests become more visible than in the US.
@paulg on X Said 4 Oct 2026
Skeptics who say AI can't conjecture, theorize, or explain are describing last spring's models rather than current ones.
The skeptics who say AI can't conjecture, can't theorize, and can't explain are describing last spring's models.
@paulg on X Said 3 Oct 2026
Many things only worked because there is a limit to the rate at which humans can operate.
There were a lot of things that only worked because there's a limit to the rate at which humans can operate.
@paulg on X Said 2 Oct 2026
Soon it will become clear which things only worked because of limits on human operating speed, as they break.
We're about to find out what all of them are, as they break.
@paulg on X Said 2 Oct 2026
Not streaming a talk can be surprisingly powerful
It can be surprisingly powerful not to stream or even record a talk.
@paulg on X Said 1 Oct 2026
Starting a startup and returning to college are incompatible paths.
Don't start a startup expecting you'll go to college (or back to college) afterward. Those two paths are incompatible, and you're lying to yourself if you try to pretend otherwise.
@paulg on X Said 27 Sept 2026
Watch repair seems a promising career that is fairly resistant to AI.
If you know anyone looking for a good and fairly AI-proof career, watchmaker (= watch repairer) seems a promising one. Every watchmaker seems to have more work than he can handle, mechanical watches are increasingly popular, and it will be a while before AI does this.
@paulg on X Said 24 Sept 2026
People will at first merely call what AI does thinking, then gradually acknowledge that it really is thinking.
We'll start by calling it thinking, then gradually acknowledge it is.
@paulg on X Said 24 Sept 2026
A style guide is only useful if it reflects current educated usage.
What's the use of a style guide that doesn't understand current educated usage? Usage is the whole point of a style guide.
@paulg on X Said 24 Sept 2026
There will probably be one variant meant to filter out AI agents and another meant to welcome them in an orderly way.
For example, there will probably be one variant meant to filter out agents, but another meant to welcome them in an orderly way.
@paulg on X Said 24 Sept 2026
In the past, music and drugs were much more closely linked than people would find easy to understand now.
Back in the day, music and drugs were inseparable to a degree people would find hard to grasp today.
@paulg on X Said 23 Sept 2026
The place to be in AI is probably at either extreme: close to the technology making LLMs, or close to the customer using AI to serve them.
I said probably at either extreme: either close to the technology, actually making LLMs, or close to the customer, using AI to give them exactly what they want.
@paulg on X Said 23 Sept 2026
Prewar watch movements were often designed to fit the rectangular cases that were fashionable then.
Prewar movements were often designed to fit in the rectangular cases that were in fashion then.
@paulg on X Said 23 Sept 2026
A war made round watches fashionable because all military watches were round.
The war made round watches fashionable (because all military watches were round).
@paulg on X Said 23 Sept 2026
Democrats lack conviction, while Republicans are full of passionate intensity.
The Democrats lack all conviction, while the Republicans are full of passionate intensity.
@paulg on X Said 21 Sept 2026
The primary reason people suspect ulterior motives behind AI labs' calls for regulation is a misunderstanding of the potential dangers posed by AI models.
The reason so many people look for an ulterior motive for the AI labs asking to be regulated is that they don't grasp that models could be dangerous.
@paulg on X Said 20 Sept 2026
Shakespearean acting requires overacting due to the difficulty of the language for modern audiences.
You have to overact when doing Shakespeare, because the language is now so hard for audiences to understand.
@paulg on X Said 19 Sept 2026
Some tasks inherently need a continuous stretch of time, so an appointment that splits the afternoon can leave no block long enough to finish them, and this is not limited to people with ADHD.
It's isn't just to people with ADHD that this happens. Some tasks inherently take a certain amount of time. An appointment that breaks the afternoon into two blocks of time could leave you with no block long enough to complete a task.
@paulg on X Said 18 Sept 2026
Tokens are not the true unit of AI inference, because better models yield more problem-solving per token.
Although you pay for AI by the token, that's not the unit of inference, because you get more problem solving per token as models improve.
@paulg on X Said 15 Sept 2026
A unit of measure needs defining, perhaps via a chain of increasingly hard problems, each pair of which a single model can solve.
Someone needs to define the unit, perhaps using a chain of increasingly hard problems, each pair of which can be solved by a single model.
@paulg on X Said 15 Sept 2026
Technology is making everyone richer, as illustrated by lighting costs falling over 1000x.
One data point in technology making everyone richer: the cost of lighting has decreased by over 1000x.
@paulg on X Said 14 Sept 2026
Dynamic pricing means prices decrease as well as increase.
Dynamic pricing means prices go down as well as up. So this is conclusive evidence that either (a) she's stupid, (b) she's dishonest, or (c) both.
@paulg on X Said 13 Sept 2026
Doctors Without Borders is one of the most upstanding nonprofits in the world.
Doctors Without Borders is one of the most upstanding nonprofits in the world.
@paulg on X Said 13 Sept 2026
Finding yourself attacking a particular group referred to in the post is evidence that you are evil.
So if you find yourself attacking them, it's evidence that you are evil.
@paulg on X Said 13 Sept 2026
If existing model companies slow down, starting a new model company becomes slightly more feasible.
If the model companies are all going to slow down, this makes it slightly more feasible to start a new model company.
@paulg on X Said 13 Sept 2026
American labs leading is good because Chinese lab employees would be unable to warn the public about threats.
This is why it's a good thing that American labs are in the lead. If Chinese labs were, their employees wouldn't be able to warn us about threats.
@paulg on X Said 10 Sept 2026
Chinese labs will encounter the same threats as American labs within a year, in complete silence.
But Chinese labs will encounter the same threats within a year, in complete silence.
@paulg on X Said 10 Sept 2026
AI may finally allow testing whether or where people make more money by being good.
AI may finally allow us to test whether (or more precisely where) you make more money by being good.
@paulg on X Said 8 Sept 2026
In startups, people generally make more money by being good.
you make more money by being good. In startups you generally do
@paulg on X Said 8 Sept 2026
Good transitions make an essay feel well-structured, and complaints about lack of structure often come from clumsy or abrupt transitions.
if you have good enough transitions, an essay will feel as if it has a good structure. And vice versa: when readers complain about lack of structure, the reason is often simply that they're bothered by clumsy or abrupt transitions.
@paulg on X Said 8 Sept 2026
Almost everything about starting a startup is the same whatever the technology of the era — microprocessors, AI or the internal combustion engine.
Most of starting a startup is the same. Most of starting a startup is always the same, right? In you know, microprocessors or AI or like internal combustion engine, it's always the same stuff.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
The complaint that Y Combinator has jumped the shark is permanent rather than observational — it has been made since 2008, and it concedes that YC was once great.
people are always saying that YC has jumped the shark. You know, and like I remember when people started saying this, which is in about like 2008, right? YC is always this thing that was great, but now it's not what it was, right? Cuz they can't say it was always terrible. They have to admit it was once great.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
You do not displace Google by attacking it head-on; you wait until the world has changed enough to make its model obsolete, which is what OpenAI did.
the way you make a new Google is not by attacking them head on. You have to wait for things to change so much that their model is is obsolete and that's when you can do it. And that's what Open AI is.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
A founder needs ambition rather than a sense of duty, because a startup is grueling enough that dutifulness will not carry anyone through it.
we knew that it was grueling. And you need you need something to drive you through all those obstacles and honestly being dutiful is not enough.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
What actually motivates founders day to day is fear of disaster and of looking like a fool, not the prospect of becoming rich.
You know what actually motivates founders day-to-day? The fear of failure. Even though they're doing this thing that if they succeed they'll be super rich. Um that does motivate them but the thing that motivates them at the at any given moment is the fear of like disaster or looking like a fool, the server crashing, right?
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
Ambition in founders is mostly inborn, which is why stories of a founder acquiring it during a batch are rare.
Those stories are rare because most of this quality is inborn.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
The founders who look unambitious are not: they have been trained by obedient upbringings to hide their ambition rather than lacking it.
it's not that they lack ambition, it's more like they've been trained not to show it. Because when you're young you're often in situations where you're supposed to be obedient. You're not supposed to like go off and do what you want.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
Starting a startup is about the least efficient way there is to acquire prestige.
If you want to seem cool, like starting a startup is just about the least efficient way to do it.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
Being formidable means getting what you want in any situation, and that is exactly why investors want it: a formidable founder's interests and theirs are the same.
it's someone who gets what they want in any situation. And so, if you invest in them and you have stock in their company and they have stock in this company, your interests are aligned. If they get what they want, you get what you want, so that's why investors want people who are formidable.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
Even a rocket company can be started on very little money, because a founder adjusts the milestone to the money they have and raises the next round off it.
It's hard it's harder to start a rocket startup on no money, but even a rocket startup you can start on not much money because what you do is you adjust for how much money you've got.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
AI arrived backwards from what its founders expected: instead of a perfect insect mind working up to human, we got a human-level mind that is bad, and are now making it perfect.
instead of starting with perfect and then working your way up to human, you start with human and then work your way towards perfect.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
AGI is not a finish line to be crossed but a smear with width, and we are already standing on it.
some bits of AI are way across the finish line, some bits are like maybe in the middle of it. Who knew the line had dimension? The finish line is actually this sort of smear. And I think the best answer you can give is like we're on the smear.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
AI has changed almost nothing about how a startup works; the one genuinely new thing is that companies now carry enormous token bills.
Everyone always asks me like with all this AI is anything still the same? And the answer is so far almost everything is exactly the same. The only weird The only weird new thing is that companies have these giant AI bills.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
AI tools have not made shipping speed a solved problem, because shipping speed was never only the rate of production — you have to think of the ideas first.
there's still a lot of startups in this batch that are not shipping fast enough. And so obviously there's variation in shipping speed. It's not just the rate at which you can produce things. You have to think of these ideas first, right?
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
Y Combinator getting bigger does not change what it is like to be in it, because each startup lives inside a pod the size of the whole of YC in 2012.
if you if you divide the YC up into little bits where each startup is part of a pod of 70 startups, then it's just like they were back in 2012 when there were 70 startups.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
The next trillion-dollar company will come from the right founders rather than from any particular idea.
The answer to your question where the next giant company comes from is it comes from the right founders. Right? It's not some particular idea.
Paul Graham On Startups, Ambition, and Great Founders Said 3 Sept 2026
Unlike later-stage investors, YC has to be prepared to give advice to founders about practically everything.
One of the distinctive things about YC as compared to later stage investors is that you have to be prepared to give advice about practically everything.
@paulg on X Said 2 Sept 2026
Launch costs are on a declining trajectory comparable to Moore's Law-driven chip cost declines in the 1990s.
One reason Starcloud has been so successful at fundraising is that it's a bet on launch costs decreasing, and that's like betting on Moore's Law in the 1990s.
@paulg on X Said 1 Sept 2026
No credential gives more credibility with investors than growth does.
No credential will get you more credibility with investors than growth.
@paulg on X Said 1 Sept 2026
If whatever is being done is done well enough, investors won't be needed at all.
And if you do it well enough, you won't need investors at all.
@paulg on X Said 1 Sept 2026
Stoke's reusable launch vehicles will be shipping Starcloud's data centers into orbit within a few years
In a few years, Stoke's reusable launch vehicles are going to be shipping Starcloud's data centers into orbit.
@paulg on X Said 1 Sept 2026
Founders' reputation for overconfidence is sample bias; most good startups actually underrate themselves.
Startup founders have a reputation for overconfidence, but this is just sample bias; the arrogant ones are also the loudest. Even now most good startups underrate themselves, so it really helps to encourage them.
@paulg on X Said 26 Aug 2026
The best thing a 17-year-old could do today is learn to build LLMs from scratch and train the most powerful ones they can get hardware for.
Someone asked what I'd do if I were 17. I'd learn how to build LLMs from scratch, and then train ones as powerful as I could with whatever hardware I could get access to.
@paulg on X Said 23 Aug 2026
Beliefs others hold too
Launch costs are on a declining trajectory comparable to Moore's Law-driven chip cost declines in the 1990s. 2 hold this
One reason Starcloud has been so successful at fundraising is that it's a bet on launch costs decreasing, and that's like betting on Moore's Law in the 1990s.
@paulg on X Said 1 Sept 2026
What is a korrent?
A korrent is a belief a person has stated in their own words: one sentence stating the claim, backed by a quote and a source, kept at korrents.com.
Under a name here, the quoted block is what they actually said. The korrent beneath it is the claim those words support, in korrents' wording — tap it to see the record, its source, and who else holds it.
Nobody here wrote their own korrents. They are compiled from public statements, and a person can change their mind, which is recorded too.
Recommends rcmnd
rcmnd What they recommend 19 things — each backed by an exact quote.
Compiled by rcmnd.app, not by them: the quotes are theirs, and each links to the post it was copied from.
Recent
Loved Tesla Model 3
Recommends Audemars Piguet 14232
This skeletonized Audemars Piguet 14232 is a great way to understand how movements work.
x.com 10 Oct 2026
Loved IWC cal 853
The IWC cal 853, one of the great automatic movements of the golden age.
x.com 7 Oct 2026
Show 16 more
Liked Professor T
Jessica and I have been watching Professor T, and it's really good. If, like me, you wish Doyle had written more Sherlock Holmes stories, this may be as close as you're going to get.
x.com 20 Sept 2026
Recommends Eterna-Matic
Eternas are some of the biggest bargains in vintage watches. This 1963 Eterna-Matic cost $509 at auction + $69 to be serviced = $578 total. It's still accurate to 7 sec/day (dial up).
x.com 14 Sept 2026
Loved The Selfish Gene
At one extreme, something you read can change your whole way of thinking. The Selfish Gene did this to me. It was like suddenly seeing the other interpretation of an ambiguous image: you can treat genes rather than organisms as the protagonists, and evolution becomes easier to understand when you do.
paulgraham.com 1 Jun 2025
Recommends A Mathematician's Apology
This idea I learned from Hardy's A Mathematician's Apology
paulgraham.com 1 Jul 2023
Recommends The Copernican Revolution
but I also recommend his Copernican Revolution
paulgraham.com 1 May 2021
Liked The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
AI was in the air in the mid 1980s, but there were two things especially that made me want to work on it: a novel by Heinlein called The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
paulgraham.com 1 Feb 2021
Liked Hilbert
A few months ago, as I was reading Constance Reid's excellent biography of Hilbert, I figured out if not the answer to this question, at least something that made me feel better about it.
paulgraham.com 1 Dec 2014
Recommends The Old Way
If you want to learn more about hunter gatherers I strongly recommend Elizabeth Marshall Thomas's The Harmless People and The Old Way
paulgraham.com 1 Mar 2012
Recommends The Harmless People
If you want to learn more about hunter gatherers I strongly recommend Elizabeth Marshall Thomas's The Harmless People and The Old Way
paulgraham.com 1 Mar 2012
Uses Bic ballpoints
I use the cheapest plastic Bic ballpoints, partly because their gluey ink doesn't seep through pages, and partly so I don't worry about losing them.
paulgraham.com 1 Jul 2006
Loved Miquelrius
The best notebooks I've found are made by a company called Miquelrius. I use their smallest size, which is about 2.5 x 4 in.
paulgraham.com 1 Jul 2006
Recommends You and Your Research
In his famous essay You and Your Research (which I recommend to anyone ambitious, no matter what they're working on), Richard Hamming
paulgraham.com 1 Dec 2005
Recommends How to Win Friends and Influence People
If you want to learn what people want, read Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People.
paulgraham.com 1 Apr 2005
What others say about How to Win Friends and Influence People →
Recommends Byrne's Euclid
And for those interested in graphic design, Byrne's Euclid
paulgraham.com 1 Mar 2005
Recommends Geometry and the Imagination
by Courant and Robbins; Geometry and the Imagination
paulgraham.com 1 Mar 2005
Recommends What Is Mathematics?
Other highly recommended books: What is Mathematics?
paulgraham.com 1 Mar 2005
Where they publish
Site paulgraham.com The essays, going back to 2001. Effectively the whole archive.
Every essay back to 2001, on one plain page of links — this is the archive people mean when they cite "a PG essay". New essays appear here first, a handful a year.
Recent
Show 17 more
- The Need to Read
- What You (Want to)* Want
- Alien Truth
- What I've Learned from Users
- Heresy
- Putting Ideas into Words
- Is There Such a Thing as Good Taste?
- Beyond Smart
- Weird Languages
- How to Work Hard
- A Project of One's Own
- Fierce Nerds
- Crazy New Ideas
- An NFT That Saves Lives
- The Real Reason to End the Death Penalty
- How People Get Rich Now
- Write Simply
Link verified 1 Sept 2026. Recent items update automatically from the channel.
x.com @paulg Short-form, and where essays get announced.
Short-form takes on startups, writing and whatever else, and the place new essays get announced. The replies are where the takes get argued.
Recent
- If you were trying to create a brand that would sound strange to the Swiss, you couldn't do much better. 16 Oct 2026
- Founders are often puzzled when investors reject them for what seem like stupid reasons. There are two possible explanations: (a) the investors actually are stupid, or (b) they just dislike you, and are making up the reason. And that or is not a xor. 16 Oct 2026
- My favorite kind of person is the curious nerd with a sparkle in his eye. 15 Oct 2026
Show 17 more
- Shopping with Jessica. Me: Do you like this tie? Jessica: If you had to dress up so much that you had to wear a tie, I'd do everything in my power to prevent you from wearing that one. 14 Oct 2026
- Before a meeting. Me: Can I wear Birkenstocks? Jessica: You met Obama with Birkenstocks. 14 Oct 2026
- 10x a year for 3 years? I've seen a lot of growth, and that is truly exceptional. It's not unusual for startups to grow 10x in a year, but to keep it up for 3 years is close to unheard of. That's 1000x. 14 Oct 2026
- We are truly legit. 14 Oct 2026
- Last year's April Fool's joke is this year's reality (except for the name of the problem obviously). 13 Oct 2026
- The Tesla Model 3 with FSD is mind-blowing. Jessica and I drove to the gym without touching the controls once. It backed out of our driveway, drove there, and backed into a parking space. It's amazing that you can buy so much future for $40k. 13 Oct 2026
- One question founders always ask when we speak at YC is: How much of the standard startup advice still applies in the age of AI? At this point, nearly all of it. I can't promise that will be true in 10 years, but at this moment, starting a startup is much the same as always. 13 Oct 2026
- If customers won't buy your stuff, try asking what they would buy. This sounds obvious, but surprisingly few founders do it, and it often yields valuable insights. 13 Oct 2026
- Did office hours yesterday with a very smart but nerdy founder. When I suggested he might want a more outgoing cofounder to do sales, he said he didn't, because most of his sales would be to agents. I had to admit he could be right. 12 Oct 2026
- This skeletonized Audemars Piguet 14232 is a great way to understand how movements work. The big circle at 1:00 is the muscle: the barrel, which contains the mainspring. The other, at 5:30, is the brain: the balance wheel, which oscillates rapidly to keep time. 10 Oct 2026
- The Patek Philippe reference 1578, 1962. 8 Oct 2026
- Talked to someone recently who knows a lot about defense tech, and he made an interesting point: the test of most military hardware right now is whether the Ukrainians want it. They have a hot war going against a determined opponent, and they know what works. 8 Oct 2026
- "You've made it abundantly clear that you care more about work than about me, or this family." — a friend's 6 yo daughter as she left on a work trip 8 Oct 2026
- Amazon banning agents is the first opportunity I've seen since Amazon was founded for a startup to create an Amazon competitor. People will want agents to buy stuff for them. It will be one of the main use cases. And they won't want to use some Amazon-supplied agent to do it. 8 Oct 2026
- "I feel kind of gross. I ate the same amount as you." — Jessica after going to Gott's 8 Oct 2026
- When you talk to successful founders, they always wish they'd hired fewer top managers from outside. I don't think I've ever met a founder who wished he or she had promoted fewer people from within. 7 Oct 2026
- Talking to Amjad yesterday, I realized Replit is more important than I'd previously thought. It's the way AI pervades organizations. Organizations can become somewhat aligned with AI by using AI-powered apps, but the deepest change takes the form of code. 7 Oct 2026
Link verified 1 Sept 2026. Recent items update automatically from the channel.
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