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American-Polish journalist and historian, staff writer at The Atlantic; author of Gulag, Iron Curtain, Twilight of Democracy and Autocracy, Inc.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  Places where people must directly confront physical reality to survive are less susceptible to conspiracy theories.

  Their words

  Conspiracy theories are just too dangerous in a place where everyone needs to grapple with actual reality in order to survive.

  Under the Volcanoanneapplebaum.substack.com

Professor of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience at the University of Sussex, co-director of the Sussex Centre for Consciousness Science, and author of Being You: A New Science of Consciousness.

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  For IIT to fit with current successful theories in fundamental physics, a reformulation in terms of continuous fields would be needed.

  Their words

  Fifth, for IIT to fit with current successful theories in fundamental physics, a reformulation in terms of continuous fields would be needed.

  arxiv.org

Scientist and writer on quantum computing, memory systems and metascience; co-wrote the standard quantum computation textbook and wrote Reinventing Discovery.

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  Very deep principles lie hidden inside theories we already have: public key cryptography was already implicit in the 1930s theory of computation.

  Their words

  Ideas like public key cryptography are I mean, they're just incredibly deep um very non-obvious ideas uh which in some sense lay hidden uh already sort of in in the 1930s.

  youtube.com

Mathematician at UCLA, working mainly in harmonic analysis and partial differential equations. Writes What's new, a long-running blog on their research, open problems and expository notes.

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  The structures of science now have to change, because the scarce thing is no longer proposing theories but verifying and evaluating the thousands anyone can now propose.

  Their words

  So, we're now in a situation where suddenly people can generate thousands of theories for a given scientific problem. And now we have to to verify them, evaluate them and this is something which we we have to to change our structures of science to actually sort this out.

  youtube.com

Researcher and science writer. Co-founder and editor at Works in Progress magazine, formerly a researcher at Our World in Data, and author of the Scientific Discovery newsletter on science, global health and medical innovation.

• Lovedrcmnd.app

  A History of Immunology

  Their words

  I loved this book. I enjoyed learning about the early, often wildly speculative theories of immunity, how blood groups and allergies were discovered

  scientificdiscovery.dev

Writer on learning and skill acquisition; author of Ultralearning and Get Better at Anything, known for the MIT Challenge and the Year Without English.

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  Research earns its keep by telling you which of two plausible pieces of advice is the right one, because everything looks obvious once you know the answer.

  Their words

  The value of research is usually in telling you which of two plausible theories is true, or which advice from different, seemingly sensible approaches works best.

  scotthyoung.com

Social scientist at King's College London; writes The Great Gender Divergence on why societies differ in how they treat women.

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  Any theory of the fall in birth rates must explain both the worldwide collapse and the differences between countries, and most theories explain only one.

  Their words

  It must explain both the global collapse and local variation.

  Why is Fertility Collapsing, Globally?ggd.world

Archaeologist of the Maya and the ancient Americas; directs the Maya Exploration Center and presents the ArchaeoEd podcast.

From one piece Ed Barnhart: Maya, Aztec, Inca, and Lost Civilizations of South America | Lex Fridman Podcast #446 2 beliefs, in the piece's order there

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  Responsible scientists try to disprove their own theories, and archaeology keeps stepping out of that box.

  Their words

  And as responsible scientists, we’re trying to disprove our theories. We are not supposed to be trying to prove our theories. That’s one more foot out of the science box that archeology often steps.

  youtube.com

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  A civilization that advanced and that large would have left something behind, and archaeologists find fish scales.

  Their words

  And archeologists, all of our ideas are theories. Very few of them are facts, and we could have the story wrong, but one thing we’re real good at is finding stuff. We find fish scales, so I find it just too big a pill to swallow that there was a civilization that was that technologically advanced and that large that we can’t even find a potsherd from.

  youtube.com

Neuroscientist at UC Davis; studies memory and wrote Why We Remember.

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  There is no such thing as a true or a false memory: every memory is a mix of fragments of what happened with the theories and inferences we used to fill the gaps.

  Their words

  Well, I like to say there’s no such thing as true or false memories. It’s like Johnny Rotten from the Sex Pistols, he had a saying that’s like, “I don’t believe in false memories any more than I believe in false songs.” And so the basic idea is that we have these memories that reflect bits and pieces of what happened, as well as our inferences and theories.

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Theoretical physicist and philosopher, Homewood Professor of Natural Philosophy at Johns Hopkins and fractal faculty at the Santa Fe Institute. Writes the Preposterous Universe blog and hosts the Mindscape podcast.

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  Physicists did not invent dark matter and dark energy to rescue their theories — they would much rather the answer were something cooler, and the data will not allow it.

  energy

  Their words

  I tear my hair out when people who are not physicists accuse physicists, like you say, of losing the plot because they need dark matter and dark energy. I don’t want dark matter and dark energy; I want something much cooler than that. I’ve tried. But you got to listen to the equations and to the data.

  youtube.com

Historian of Ukraine at Harvard; wrote The Gates of Europe, Chernobyl and The Russo-Ukrainian War.

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  There are Nazis and white supremacists in Ukraine, but they are more marginal there than the same groups are in Central Europe or the United States.

  EuropeAmerica

  Their words

  My understanding is there are Nazis in Ukraine and there are supporters of white supremacy theories, but also my understanding is that they are extremely marginal and they are more marginal than the same sort of groups are in Central Europe, maybe in the U.S. as well.

  youtube.com

Writer on learning and skill acquisition; author of Ultralearning and Get Better at Anything, known for the MIT Challenge and the Year Without English.

• Likedrcmnd.app

  Why Knowledge Matters

  Their words

  In this 2016 book, Hirsch presents a sweeping curriculum change in French schools as evidence that misguided educational theories are undermining our children's learning.

  scotthyoung.com

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  Creativity in Science

  Their words

  This book surveys theories of creativity, contrasting four competing explanations: expertise, genius, society, and chance, in offering a model for how creativity works. Simonton's work provides a nice hybrid between the purely anecdotal work of biographers and the data-driven work of experimental scientists.

  scotthyoung.com