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Chief Scientist at OpenAI. Worked on the research that turned scaled reinforcement learning into reasoning models, and writes about where he thinks that path leads.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  Confidence in monitoring, not capability research, will become the binding constraint on AI progress.

  Their words

  Still, I expect general AI progress to increasingly be bottlenecked by confidence in monitoring.

  An Alien Mindopenai.com

Founded SpaceX in 2002, joined Tesla's board in 2004 and became its chief executive in 2008; later founded Neuralink, The Boring Company and xAI. Bought Twitter in 2022 and renamed it X, where he now posts many times a day.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on AI is not chips but the physical plant around them — power, transformers, cooling and networking.

  Their words

  Consensus estimate is that ~15GW of AI compute produced in 2027 cannot be turned on in 2027. This is harder than just finding power, as you also need to build out all the transformers, wiring, liquid-cooling, (massive) chillers & complex networking.

  @elonmusk on Xx.com

Systems and developer-tools engineer at Cloudflare as of 2026, on durable infrastructure for AI agents; worked on React and PartyKit before that. Writes at sunilpai.dev.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  Coding agents made implementation cheap without making roadmaps shorter or software better -- the binding constraint was never how fast code gets written.

  coding agents

  Their words

  buuuut my roadmap is’nt ten times shorter. and I’m definitely not ten times better at deciding what is worth building. teams haven’t started casually shipping a year of product work every month. you can look around and and it’s hard to say what software has gotten meaningfully better in the last year.

  the task isn't the jobsunilpai.dev

Chief scientist at Redwood Research, where he works on technical AI safety and AI control.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  AI guardrails will end up binding only the ordinary person, because the powerful actors they most need to check will simply steamroll them.

  Their words

  the most powerful actors for whom this is the biggest concern if these guard rails or the constitution or whatever is getting in the way that will just get steamrolled and so the constitution will only be you know hitting the everyday man rather than hitting governments.

  youtube.com

Founded PSPDFKit in 2011 and ran it for a decade. Came back from a break to work on AI agents — the OpenClaw project, and OpenAI, joined in February 2026. Writes at steipete.me.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on agent work is machines, not models: a cloud session is easy for web work and almost every tool fails the moment the job needs macOS.

  Their words

  Now, if I do web stuff, it's easy to create a cloud session. If I do like something that requires Mac OS, that's already where like 99% of the tools fail me.

  Peter Steinberger: "Fun Is Velocity"youtube.com

Co-founder of NVIDIA and, as of 2026, its chief executive; the company designs the GPUs most large AI models are trained on.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  Automating a profession's work grows its headcount rather than shrinking it, because the backlog of demand was always the binding constraint.

  Their words

  Turns out paralegals are growing like crazy. And the reason for that is because the backlog of lawsuits is really high, and now these law firms could get a lot more cases through. And in order to do so, you got to hire more people.

  Jensen Huang: The Mindset That Built NVIDIAyoutube.com

Genomics researcher and writer on science, biotech and the culture of research.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  AI will not on its own compress decades of medical progress into a few years, because the binding constraint is human data, clinical trials and regulation rather than intelligence.

  Their words

  I told him what I believe: that in the age of AI, medicine will be bottlenecked more than ever by regulation and the grind of clinical trials, and that billions poured into faster pre-clinical research won’t touch that problem, unsexy as it is.

  Intelligence is not the main bottleneckwritingruxandrabio.com

Chief executive of Intel since 2025, founder of the venture firm Walden International and chief executive of Cadence Design Systems for thirteen years.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraints on AI's growth are power, helium and memory — and almost nobody has noticed the helium one.

  Their words

  One is of course everybody knows power constraint. Some country the power they just don't have that. They get impacted. And then secondly, a lot of people didn't realize the helium impact can be also very significant for semiconductor. And then the thirdly, is everybody know right now memory is a bigger shortage.

  youtube.com

Founder and chief analyst of SemiAnalysis; reports on semiconductor supply chains, AI datacentre economics and what the chip export controls actually do.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on AI is no longer power or data centres but the semiconductor supply chain, which has by far the longest lead times.

  data centers

  Their words

  Yeah, I think the biggest bottleneck is compute and for that the longest lead time supply chains are not power or data centers. They're actually the semiconductor supply chain themselves, right? It switches back from being power and data center uh as a major bottleneck to chips.

  youtube.com

Professor of economics at George Mason University and Bartley J. Madden Chair at the Mercatus Center. Co-writes the blog Marginal Revolution and co-authors the textbook Modern Principles of Economics with Tyler Cowen.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  Under binding ceilings, cost-minimizing suppliers drive allocations to corners rather than Harberger or random benchmarks, producing larger losses and discontinuous welfare jumps.

  benchmarks

  Their words

  We show that equilibrium generically occurs at neither the Harberger nor Glaeser-Luttmer benchmark. Cost-minimizing suppliers drive allocations to vertices, not interiors. Corners are not an assumption but an outcome about what cost-minimizing suppliers choose. The correct benchmark is corners, not random, and corners generate qualitatively different welfare properties: losses far larger than either efficient or random distributions, and discontinuous jumps from small parameter perturbations.

  arxiv.org

American social psychologist at NYU Stern School of Business; author of The Happiness Hypothesis, The Righteous Mind and The Anxious Generation.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  Parents are caught in a collective-action trap over their children and social media, which only a rule binding on everyone can release them from.

  Their words

  Parents want this. They know social media can harm their children, yet many feel trapped because everyone else’s kids are already online.

  afterbabel.com

Founder of Terraform Industries and formerly a physicist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory; writes about energy, space and manufacturing.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on the AI build-out is chips, not power, which is why not having a solar panel factory will never be on the critical path.

  solar

  Their words

  They're focused on the chips, right? Because they understand like the key bottleneck is the chips, not the solar power, right?

  youtube.com

Runs global health R&D at Open Philanthropy; writes about the science and medicine that could exist and does not.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  AI will not on its own compress decades of medical progress into a few years, because the binding constraint is human data, clinical trials and regulation rather than intelligence.

  Their words

  Those are why I do not believe that AI could end disease within 10 years on its own, nor that 50-100 years of medical progress could occur 5-10 years after powerful AI due to AI progress alone

  AI will not suddenly lead to an Alzheimer's cureblog.jacobtrefethen.com

Structural engineer and senior infrastructure fellow at the Institute for Progress; writes Construction Physics on why physical things cost what they cost.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on building anything in America is permitting and litigation, not money.

  America

  Their words

  Political costs and civic opposition will often make a technology unviable regardless of how the dollars and cents add up.

  Why we stopped building subways cheaplyworksinprogress.news

Economist at the Hoover Institution; wrote The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level and blogs as The Grumpy Economist.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on building anything in America is permitting and litigation, not money.

  America

  Their words

  Endless lawsuits, cost-exploding contracting requirements, decades to get permits, and more bedevil any attempt to invest here.

  Tariffs, saving, and investmentgrumpy-economist.com

Structural engineer and senior infrastructure fellow at the Institute for Progress; writes Construction Physics on why physical things cost what they cost.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  Available power, not land or capital, is what now limits how many data centres get built.

  data centersenergy

  Their words

  In particular, operating a data center requires large amounts of electricity, and available power is fast becoming the binding constraint on data center construction.

  How to Build an AI Data Centerconstruction-physics.com

Founder of Terraform Industries and formerly a physicist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory; writes about energy, space and manufacturing.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on building anything in America is permitting and litigation, not money.

  solarAmerica

  Their words

  Yet solar development is hopelessly snarled by dozens of different development regulations which begin with the assumption that it will permanently and severely harm the environment unless proven otherwise, at exhaustive length.

  Permitting Reform Or Deathcaseyhandmer.wordpress.com

Ancient and military historian; writes A Collection of Unmitigated Pedantry, long series checking what history actually says against how popular culture tells it.

• Our readingkorrents.com

  The binding constraint on pre-modern campaigning was feeding the army every day it was in the field, not winning the battle at the end of it.

  Their words

  In order to move this army or sustain it in place it is thus necessary to ensure a massive and relatively continuous supply of food to the army. Failure to do that will result in the army falling apart long before it comes anywhere close to the enemy.

  acoup.blog